Sheet-metal piston



May 22, 1923.

s. D. HARTOG SHEET METAL PISTON Filed Nov. 19, i919 l 1. a i

STEPHEN D. HLRTOG, 0F ST. LOUIS, mSSOUBI.

SHEET-METAL rrs'roN.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN D. HAR'roc, a citizen of theUnited States, and a resident of the city of St. Louis, and State of Missouri, have invented new and useful Improvements in Sheet-Metal Pistons, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pistons.

A piston, more particularly, -for use in' lhydrocarbon engines characterized by the features of construction in which provision is made for a tensionally resilient cylinder fitting body portion a piston having member parts arranged within its structure made of a. diEerent metallic composition than that of the metal from which the body of the piston vis made and therefore having a ratio of expansion-when heated proportionately less than that of the material from which the .body of the piston is made, a.

piston constructed with a member part Aadapted to prevent the cylinder litting body portion of the piston` from beingreduced in its sizeother than its natural wear so as to enable thev cylinder fitting body of the 'piston to have at all times a snug slidable fit Within the cylinder, a pistonprovided with a piston pin support free 'from' and independent of the cylinder fitting body or the piston, a iston having a tapering cylinder fitting bo y, are among the several objects of the resent invention.

Furt er and other objects will ap ear as in the detailed description given an which also will serve to enable others to c learly understand, make and use the invention as set forth in the following specification, supplemented by the accompanying drawing i line -a. Fig. 3.

1n which:

Fig. .1, is a side elevation.

Fig. 2, is a sectlon in elevation through vFig. 3, is a plan view of lig. 1. Fig. d, isa lanv view of Fig. 6, a member part of thls invention.

-. F1 5, vis a section in elevationof the body portion of this invention. n

Fg. 6, is a section in elevatlon-of Fig. 4,' through linev c-c.

Fig. 7, is a side view in elevation partly in section of a member part of thls construction. I

Fig. 8, is a sideview in elevation partly in section of the head member of this constructiva f In the 4drawing like numerals indicate like arts throughout the several views of the rawings.

The body of the present construction of piston is composed of two parts integrally connected and forming outer and inner cylindrical portions 10, a connecting rod wrist pin supporting sleeve 11, having piston. pin receiving bosses 15 properly machined to size at 16, rivet receiving holes 13 and 22,l and bosses 17. The head member 21 of the piston is supported upon a sheet metal memlber 19 seated upon the upper end of the innner cylindrical portion and npon the upper end of the sleeve 11.` f" l The body 10, comprising the iouter and inner cylindrical portions' is I'tl-shape in cross-section. The material out of which the body 10 is made is thin light sheet metal, refera ly aluminum. The outer cylinrical portion of the body of the'piston 10 has a series of lengthwise extending slits 25 p cut through its oute'r wall beginning at the upper free end of the bod and extending axially downward and ter nating in apertures 26 positioned approximately near the lower endof the outer portion of the body 10. and located circumferentially in spaced relation a'round the body of the piston.

In the drawing Figs. 4 and 6 illustrate in plan and section of the sleeve or bushing imember 11; intended to be'placed within the lnner held t erein by rivets 12, which enter into or pass through holes formed in the sleeve 11 at 13, registerin with holes in the inner portion of the. boty 10 at 14. rll`he sleeve member 11 is provided with bosses 15 which are machined to size 4at 16 ada ted to receive a well fitted pin, common y called a piston pin but not here shown. At a suitable position within the sleeve 11 f are formed oppositely disposed bosses 17.,

The head having rivet receiving holes 22. portion of the piston comprises a disc member19 interposed between head plate 21 and -l the upper end ofthe body 10, the head plate 21 and member 19 beingmounted at the vtop of the `piston and supported by the inner portion-of the'body 10 and the upper end of the sleeve 11. The disc 19 has .a ange 20 located between the inner and outer ortions of the body 10.' The disc 19 and e head plate 21 are held securely in position by riv-A. ets 18, which pass through co-mating holee 23 in the disc 19 and holes 24 in the head plate 21 and engage in the holes 22 in the bosses 17.

The piston as is well known is subjected to Aa hi h degree of heat in consequence of whic the metal (comprisin the entirepiston is caused to expand. he ex ansion 1s notuniform being greater at the ead portion o the piston, due to its direct contact owing to the fact that the cylinder fitting body portion of the piston is possessed of an mherent'spring tensional resiliency due to the way in which it is formed and the further fact that the cylinder itting body portion is in no way subject to the direct transmission of the high heat temperature to which the head portion of the piston is subjected.

While this invention comprises a construction operably ecient when the engine is cold or during its initial starting pe-riod it is proper to say that as the engine continues to operate and a rise in temperature is thereby generated suiiicientl high in intensity to effect the cylinder tting body portion 10, the piston would quite naturally lose its spring tensional resiliency, becoming smaller in diameter as a result of the closing of the slits 25, thereby reducing the size and t of the body 10 within the cylinder.

To overcome this defect or incapacity the member 19 is made and placed in the described relationship with the body 10 for the special purpose of maintaining the size, form and fit of the piston body l0 within the cylinder, preventing any appreciable reduction in the size of the outer body 10, irrespective of the material composition from which the 'body 10 is made or the heat temperature to which it may be subjected, owing to the fact that the member 19 is made of metal especially applicable for this` purpose being ossessed of a metallic composition least e ected b y heat and exhibiting no appreciable expansion although subjected to la; heat temperature of 1400 degrees Fahreneit.

The member 19, illustrated partly in section at Fig. 7 in the drawing is made of material having a very small ratio of expansion when heated and constructed with a rim anged edge 20, the outer diameter of which is less than the inner diameter of the outer portion of the body 10, by twice the when cut as illustrated and expanded as at 27 provides a series of sectors each of Which has a spring tensional resiliency so that it will fit the cylinder and yield tensionally with such pressure as to overcome any looseness or slapping effect more particularly at the initialstarting of the engine when in its cold state.

The member/19, positioned in assembly as illustrated in the sectional elevation Fig. 2,1,

will effectively preventv 'the' outer portion of the body 1() from any material reduction in size, though if the body be expanded by heat it will tensionally yield at all times to the size of the cylinder and supportedly held to size by the rim formed portion 20 of the member 19.

The sleeve or bushing member 11 may also be made of metal differing from that of the body 10, to the inner portion of which it is secured by riveting; the inner portion of the body 10. carrying the sleeve 11, member 19, and the head plate 21, being secured together. The body 10 is also provided with openin 28, .which align in assembly with holes 16 in the bosses 15 of the sleeve 11 for the purpose of supporting a wrist pin.

From the foregoing description it is clear that this construction of an engine piston fulfills the purpose forh which it 1s intended and it is therefore conceded that ,changesl may be made in its size form and shape without departingr from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended` claims.

ll claim as my invention and desire to Secure by Letters Patent:

. 1. A piston, comprising" an expansible body, and a member in connection with said body having a coeilicient of expansion less than that of the body when heated, said member being located within said body and limitingthe contraction of the body, and leaving the body .free to expand independently of any pressure by said member.

2. A piston, comprising a resilient cylinder-fitting body, a member supported within the piston body and having a coefficient of expansion when heated less than the coelicient of expansion of the body, and

means in connection with said member for' limiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently of any pressure by said member.

3. A piston, comprisinga tapering` ex- .pansible cylinder body adapted to fit yieldthe coefficient of expansion of the body.

4. A piston, comprising a tapering expansible cylinder body adapted to fit yielding within the cylinder for which it is intended, a member in connection with the body leaving the body free to expand independently of and free from pressure by said member said member having a coefficient of expansion when heated less than the coefiicient of expansion of the body, and means whereby said member will limit contractionl ot' said body thereby ,preventing the body Jfrom reducing in size beyond that towhich it is subjected by natural wear. n

5. A piston comprising a body having external and internal portions integrally connected. said external portion having slits adapted to provide a yielding capacity for said external portion. a member positioned within said external portion having a ratio of expansionv less in proportion when heated than that of the external portion of said body, said member adapted to maintain the size of said'external portion of said body below which it lcannot be reduced in its size, excepting that of its natural wear, and means provided on said internal portion of said body adapted to support connecting means for said piston independent of the external. portion of said body.

6. A piston, comprising a split resilient body, a member located within the body having a coefiicicnt of expansion less than the coeiicient of expansion of the body when both are heated. and means whereby -said member will limit contraction of the `member will limit contraction of the body and leave the body free to expand independently of and tree from pressure thereby, a head plate for the piston, and means for securing the head plate in connection with the piston.

8. A piston, comprising a split resilient body, a member located within the bodyhaving a coefficient of expansion less than the coefficient of expansion of the body when both are heated, means whereby said member will limit contraction of the body and leave the body free tocxpand independently of and free :trom pressure thereby, a.

head plate for the piston,.and means for securing the head plate in connection with the piston, in a relationship to leave the piston body free to expand independently of the head plate.

9. A piston, comprising a split resilient body, a member located within the body having a coefficient of expansion less than the coefficient of expansion of the body when both are heated, means whereby said member will limit contraction of the body and leave the body free to expand independently of and free from pressure thereby and means for supporting a wrist pinin connection with the piston body.

10. A piston. comprising a body composed of an outer cylindrical portion arranged to fit within a cylinder body and provided with slits extending downwardly from its upper end` and an inner cylindrical'portion united with the outer cylindrical portion at their lower ends, and disconnected from the outer portion at their upper ends; and a head plate supported bv said body.

11. A piston, comprising a body composed ot an outer cylindrlcal portion arranged to fit within a cylinder body and provided with slits extending downwardly from its upper end, and an inner cylindrical. portion united v with the outer cylindrical portion at their lower ends, and disconnected from the outer portion at their upper ends; and a member, supported by 'the inner cylindrical portion having a coefficient of expansion less than the coe-Hicient ot expansion of the outer cylindrical portion,'arrangcd to limit -compression' of the outer cylindrical'portion.

12. A pist-on` comprising a body composed ot an outer cylindrical portion arranged to fit within a cylinder body and l provided .with slits extending downwardly from its upper end, and an inner cylindrical portion united with the outer cylindrical portion at their lower ends, and disconnected from the outer portion at vtheir upper ends; and a member, supported by the inner cylindrical portion having a coefficient of expansion less than the coefiicient of expansion of the. outer cylindrical portion, arranged to limit compression of the louter cylindrical portion and to leave the outer cylindrical portion free to expand independently of and free from pressure thereby.

18. A piston, comprising a body composed of an outer cylindrical portion arranged to t within a cylinder body and provided with slits extending downwardly from its upper end. and an inner cylindrical portion united with the outer cylindrical ortion at their lower ends, and disconnecte from the outer portion at vtheir upper ends; a member, supported by the inner cylindrical portion having a coeiiicient of expansion less than the coeicient of expansion of the outer cylindrical portion, arranged to limit compression of the outer cylindrical portion;A and a head plate in connection with the piston body. s

14. A piston, comprisin a body cornposed of an outer cylindrical .portion arranged to it Within a cylinder body and provided with slits extending downwardly from its upper end, and an inner cylindri- Ical portion united With the outer'cylindr'n' cal portion at their lower ends, and disconnected from the outer portion at their upper ends; a member, supported'by the inner cylindrical portion having a coeiicient of expansion less than the coeiiicient of expansion of the outer cylindrical fportion, arranged to limit compression o the outer c lindrical portion; a head plate in connectlon with the piston body; and means supported by the innercylindrical portion for supporting a Wrist pin.

15. A piston, comprising .an expansible body characterized by a tendency to expand and press against the Wall of the cylinder for which it is intended and provided with slits extending from one end, and a member -in connection with said body having a coefficient of expansion less than that of the body when heated, said member being located Within said body and limiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently of any pressure by said member.

16. A piston, comprising an expansible body characterized by a tendency to expand land press against the wall of the cylinder for which it is intended and provided with l slits extending from one end, and a noncontractible member in connection with said body having a-coetiicient of expansion less than that of the body whenheated, said member being located Within said body and limiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently of any pressure by said member.

` 17. A piston, comprising an expansible body characterized by a tendency to expand slits extending from one end,`amember in connection with said body having a coef- 'cient of expansion less than that'of the body when heated, said member being lo-' cated Within said body and limiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently `ot any pressure by said member, a head plate for the piston, and means for holding said head plate in connection with the piston.

18. A piston, comprising an expansible body characterized by a tendency to expand and press against the wall of the cylinder for which it is intended and provided with slits extending from one end, a non-contractible member in connection with said body having a coefficient of expansion less than that of the body when heated, said member being located within said body and limiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently ot' any pressure by said member, and means for supporting a Wrist pin in connection with said body leaving the body free to expand independently of any restraint bythe Wrist 19. A piston, comprising an expansible body characterized by a' tendency to expand and press against thel Wall of the cylinder for which it is intended and provided with slits extending from one end, a member in connection with said body having a coefficient of expansion less than that of the body when heated, said member being located Within said body and lin'iiting the contraction of the body and leaving the body free to expand independently of any pressure by said member, and means for supporting a Wrist pin in connection with said body leaving the body free to expand independently of any restraint by the wrist pin.. In confirmation hereof I hereto` attachA my signature.

STEPHEN. D. HARTOG. 

